Formal Science
Formal Science is the study of formal language disciplines such as Logic, Mathematics, Statistics, Theoretical Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information Theory, Game Theory, Systems Theory, Decision Theory, and Theoretical Linguistics. The Formal Sciences are linguistic tools for describing abstract structures described by symbolic systems. The Formal Sciences are language tools concerned with characterizing abstract structures expressed by symbolic systems, whereas the Natural Sciences and Social Sciences utilize empirical approaches to characterize physical and social systems, respectively. Natural Science, Social Science, and actuarial science all benefit from Formal Sciences since they provide information about the structures used to represent the physical and contemporary world, as well as the conclusions that can be reached from them. Mathematics is a formal science, also known as the science of numbers. Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics, Information Science, and Systems Science are examples of Formal Science branches.
Physics is the study of matter and energy — the building blocks of the physical universe — and of interactions between the two. Physicists describe these interactions using the most fundamental laws and principles. As a discipline, physics forms the foundation for understanding how things work, including the basis for engineering concepts and real-world connections to mathematics.
| code | Description | Supergroup |
| 15** | Chemical Engineering | Physical Sciences |
| 16** | Chemistry | Physical Sciences |
| 19** | Earth and Planetary Sciences | Physical Sciences |
| 21** | Energy | Physical Sciences |
| 22** | Engineering | Physical Sciences |
| 23** | Environmental Science | Physical Sciences |
| 25** | Materials Science | Physical Sciences |
| 31** | Physics and Astronomy | Physical Sciences |